The Massacre of Uman was the 1768 massacre of the Jews, Poles and Ukrainian Uniates by haidamaks at the town of Uman in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland.
Uman was a well-fortified town that held a large garrison part of Polish troops. This fact made Uman one of the primary targets of Koliyivschyna movement, and it is likely the siege of Uman was planned well in advance. Ivan Gonta, an officer in the private militia of Count Franciszek Salezy Potocki was accused of connections with haidamaka by the local Jewish community three months before the siege. However, due to the lack of hard evidence and the sudden death of a star witness no formal charges were made.
In early June 1768 the Ukrainian rebels under the command of Maksym Zalizniak marched on Uman after capturing Cherkasy, Korsun and Kaniv. As Zalizniak openly encouraged the slaughter of Jews and Poles, the town was filled with refugees. A large camp filled with Polish nobility and their private militia, regular soldiers and Jewish refugees was positioned outside the city walls. Polish troops outnumbered the forces of rebels, and therefore it was decided that some of the forces should guard the ramparts while Gonta and his cossack unit would meet the Haidamakas in open battle. However, when Gonta met Zalizniak's units Gonta openly declared that he was going to join Koliyivschyna.
The united troops razed the encampment outside the city on June 14, killing all the Jewish refugees there who had not been able to fit into the city. They then tried to penetrate the ramparts by concealing the rebels behind the backs of Gonta's Registered Cossacks. However, the attempt failed, and so the siege started on June 17. The very first day large number of Ukrainians deserted the ranks of Polish forces and joined the rebels when the city was surrounded.
After three days of the siege the city fell to Zalizniak in spite of a courageous defense in which the Jews also played an active role. After the city was taken a violent and bloody massacre took place. The Jews then gathered in the synagogues, where they were led by Rabbi Leib Shargorodski and Rabbi Moshe Menaker in an attempt to defend themselves, but they were destroyed by cannon fire. Most of the remaining Jews in the city were subsequently killed. The massacre lasted for three days and old men, women or children were not spared. Only a few Jews survived the massacre including Rabbi Dovid Chazan who later wrote a Kinah about the horrible event.
Please note: Rebbe Nachman of Breslov said he wanted to be buried in the same locations as the victims of the massacre so he can finish rectifying them. It is obvious that they do not need any further rectification besides this and all Tikkunim done on this cause is just to give the Niftarim more merit.
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